Heparin sodium is indicated for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and acute coronary syndromes. In hospital and ICU settings, its key advantage is immediate anticoagulant effect with precise titration, allowing rapid control of coagulation status in unstable patients. Due to its short half-life, therapy can be quickly adjusted or stopped when clinically required, which is critical in surgical, cardiology, and intensive care scenarios. Heparin is also widely used during procedures such as dialysis and cardiac surgery to prevent clot formation. Its well-established clinical profile, predictability, and reversibility make it a cornerstone anticoagulant in acute care.