Pirfenidone is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and life-threatening lung disease characterized by declining lung function. It works through antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, reducing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Its key advantage is slowing disease progression and preserving lung function, helping delay worsening of symptoms such as dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity. In clinical practice, pirfenidone has been shown to reduce the rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and improve long-term outcomes. Oral administration allows continuous outpatient therapy, making it suitable for long-term disease management. Early initiation is important to maximize benefit. Its proven efficacy and targeted action make pirfenidone a cornerstone therapy in IPF management.